When matching new nominal lumber to actual lumber Is best way is to use the same size and then fir out the new framing to match the existing.
An example would be a new 2×6 is 5.5″ wide and the existing measures 5 3/4″ wide.
If I add to an existing wall I would rip strips of 1/4″ plywood and attach these to each new piece of framing.
Is there a better way?
And
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If it needs to be 5-3/4 both sides, then that would work. One side to match only, pull the studs to the beauty side.
You got the idea. If I’m demoing a lot a lath on an old house sometime it’s about the right thickness to make up the difference. I’m scrappy like that.
Using plywood strips to match the dimensions is a common solution and works well for small adjustments. Alternatively, you could plane down the existing lumber slightly if possible, but that may not always be practical. It's important to ensure the final surface is even for drywall installation.
You might consider drywall shims. These are pieces of cardboard (not corrugated) 1 1/2" wide by 4' long, about a 16th inch thick. You can build the studs up to match the existing and at the same time adjust the wall to be perfectly flat.