Post size on piers foundation retrofit?

Hello
I am about to retrofit/replace the crawl area framing of my 1966 post and pier with perimeter walls foundation with new piers pads and posts. Currently the piers are directly on the dirt with 4×4 posts. I plan to pour new pads and replace the posts. Is there some rule of thumb that can indicate what post size is approprate for a particular application. I have seen both 4×4 and 4×6 lumber used but do not know what determines the size.I realize that it could be engineered to determine exact loads but was hoping for some general guide.
Thanks
Replies
1000eyes,
You do not have your location filled out in your profile so I am not sure this will apply.
Here in Ore. the common practice is 4 x 4 under beams spaced 32" - 4'O.C.(beam spacing , not post spacing), Except at the joints between beam ends where a 4 x 6 is required. All posts must have plywood gussets attaching them to the beams.